Montreal Holocaust Museum

Anti Jewish Laws

    1933

    • April 1

      One-day boycott against Jewish businesses.

    • During the boycott of April 1, 1933 in Nazi-Germany, Jews are forced to march with antisemitic signs. The men in uniform are SA-members. The signs say things like: "Don't buy from Jews" and "A good German doesn't buy from Jews".

    • April 7

      Law for the Reestablishment of the Professional Civil Service removes Jews from the civil service and bans Jewish teachers from public schools.

    • German Law for the Reestablishment of the Professional Civil Service. Source: Austrian National Library.

    • April 7

      Law on the Admission to the Legal Profession forbids the admission of Jews to the bar.

    • The office signs for Jewish lawyers Dr. Th. Erlanger, Ludwiger Erlanger and Dr. Adolf Mayer are plastered with signs reading "Jew". A poster on their door indicates that their offices are now available for rent. Munich, Germany, 1933. Source: Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1973-074-87 / CC-BY-SA.

  • April 25

    Law against the Overcrowding of German Schools and Universities limits registration of Jewish students to 1.5% of total registration.

  • September 22

    Non-Aryans are banned from positions of influence in the arts, literature, music, theatre, broadcasting and the press.

  • September 1

    Jews are forbidden to own farms.

    1935

  • May 21

    Army Law expels Jewish officers from the army

    • September 15

      The Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour and the German Citizenship laws are passed. Known as the “Nuremberg Laws”, they prohibit marriage and sexual relationships between Germans and Jews and state that only persons of “German or related blood” can be citizens.

    • Table detailing the new citizenship laws, Germany, 1935.
    • This chart states that Jews and Germans are not allowed to marry. Zulassig means Allowed and Verboten means Forbidden.
    1936

  • January 11

    Executive Order on the Reich Tax Law forbids Jews to serve as tax-consultants.

  • April 3

    Reich Veterinarians Law expels Jews from the veterinary profession.

    1937

  • April 9

    The Mayor of Berlin orders public schools not to admit Jewish children until further notice.

  • June 11

    Jews are prohibited from giving testimony in courts of law.

    1938

  • January 5

    Law on the Alteration of Family and Personal Names forbids Jews from changing their names.

  • February 5

    Law on the Profession of Auctioneer excludes Jews from this occupation.

  • March 18

    The Gun Law excludes Jewish gun merchants.

  • March 30

    The Law Concerning the Legal Status of the Jewish Religious Communities removes the status of “corporations under public law” from Jewish religious organizations, thereby removing state support and protection.

  • April 22

    Decree against the Camouflage of Jewish Firms forbids changing the names of Jewish-owned businesses.

    • April 26

      Nazis force Jews to register their assets, a first step toward total exclusion from the German economy. The Order for the Disclosure of Jewish Assets requires Jews to report all property in excess of 5,000 Reich marks.

    • Copy of a form used for the inventory of Jewish property. Germany, 1938.

  • July 11

    Reich Ministry of the Interior bans Jews from health spas.

    • July 25

      Jewish doctors are forbidden to treat ‘Aryan’ patients.

    • On this medical certificate delivered by Dr. Zweig to his patient Mr. Avrum Rabner, a stamp underneath the physician's signature states that this doctor is only permitted to examine Jews. Germany, 1939.

    • August 17

      Any Jew whose name does not immediately identify him or her as Jewish required to add name “Israel” or “Sarah” to passports and identity papers. The Nazi government drew a list of recognizable Jewish names to define who needed to change names.

    • On this copy of a birth certificate, for Herbert Iseelbächer, a remark on the left side states that Herbert Isselbächer added “Israel” as his middle name. Germany, 1938.

  • September 1

    Jewish lawyers are forbidden to have “Aryan” clients.

    • October 5

      Following a request from Switzerland, passports of German Jews are marked with “J” for Jude (Jew). Jews must surrender their old passports, which will become valid only after the letter “J” had been stamped on them.

    • Gerhart Maass' passport is stamped with a red "J" to identify him as Jewish.

  • November 12

    Decree on the Exclusion of Jews from German Economic Life closes all Jewish-owned businesses.

  • November 15

    Reich Ministry of Education expels all Jewish children from public schools.

  • November 28

    Reich Ministry of Interior restricts the freedom of movement of Jews.

  • November 29

    Reich Interior Ministry forbids Jews to keep carrier pigeons.

  • December 14

    Executive Order on the Law on the Organization of National Work cancels all state contracts held with Jewish-owned firms.

  • December 21

    Law on Midwives bans all Jews from the occupation.

    1939

  • August 1

    The President of the German Lottery forbids the sale of lottery tickets to Jews.

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